Decoding feline and canine lower urinary tract signs and the role of…

Presented by Lauren Pagliughi, DVM

Continuing education questionnaire

CE credit: 1

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Questions

1. The most up-to-date term for lower urinary tract signs of indoor cats is: *

LUTS Lower urinary tract signs

FUS Feline urologic syndrome

FLUTD Feline lower urinary tract disease

FLUTS Feline lower urinary tract syndrome

2. Which of the following regarding crystalluria in dogs and cats is true? *

Crystalluria is always abnormal

Crystalluria can be used to predict the type of uroliths known to be present

Crystalluria cannot be used to predict the presence of uroliths

Struvite crystalluria is generally associated with urinary tract infections

3. True or False. Idiopathic cystitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. *

True

False

4. In cases of idiopathic cystitis, clinical signs in 85% of cats _________. *

Resolve with antibiotics

Return predictably and often

Occur as a result of one cause

Resolve within 2 to 7 days with or without treatment

5. Which of the following is false regarding infection-induced struvite urolith formation in dogs? *

Bacteria produce urease which converts urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. This increases urine pH and liberates ammonia to form ammonium phosphate crystals

Examples of urease-producing bacteria are Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp.

Most urinary tract infections involve multiple bacterial agents

Sterile struvite stones in dogs are rare

6. What increases risk of stone formation? *

Demographic factors such as breed

Environmental conditions such as water intake

Etiological factors such as infectious agents

All of the above, as urolithiasis is not a single disease with a single cause

7. True or False. Cats tend to consume more moisture when eating a high-sodium dry diet compared to a canned diet because they drink more water. *

True

False

8. When should uroliths be analyzed following surgical removal? *

First-time occurrences only

When stone type cannot be predicted by crystalluria

When dissolution appears to fail

Stones should always be analyzed, even in cases of recurrence

9. When should a urine culture be used to confirm the presence of bacterial cystitis in cats? *

When bacteriuria and/or pyuria are present on urinalysis

In all feline cases due to overall low likelihood of bacterial cystitis

In young cats with LUTS because older cats are much more likely to have uncomplicated bacterial cystitis

If urinalysis shows struvite crystals

10. In a 2010 study, Bartges et al. concluded that feeding a ______ diet may be useful in managing Dalmatians that have formed urate urolithiasis. *

Hydrolyzed soy

Grain-free

High-sodium

Canned